9. Can emotional states affect our
long-term mate evaluation? An experimental review
9. Can emotional states affect our long-term mate evaluation? An experimental review
Leonardo Moreno Naranjo - Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Germán
Antonio Gutiérrez Domínguez - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Leonardo Moreno Naranjo - Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Germán Antonio Gutiérrez Domínguez - Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Recent metanalysis suggests that the ideal mate preferences have small predictive validity for indicators of marital satisfaction and the characteristics of the mate that will end up selecting. It has been proposed that classical research has failed to capture the emotional nature of the mate selection process because of the constraints of their preference measurement system (i.e. autoreport), which could affect the predictions. The present work aims to assess whether emotional states can alter the overall long-term mate evaluation, in order to provide elements in the discussion of the predictive power of preferences. Two experiments were developed with a factorial design 2 (Sex) x 3 (Affective Group). In study 1, 185 university students (45,4% men and 54,6% women) were primed with stimuli related to Love and Sadness, also, preference measurements were applied with the IPRS test. In study 2, a new sample of 220 participants (41,4% men and 58,6% women) was primed with Sexual Desire and Terror, additionally, a reduced version of the IPRS test was applied. In both studies, sexual differences were found in preference patterns, as has been reported in other research around the world. However, the effect of emotional states on preferences was minimal, compared to other studies examining this phenomenon, which leads to suggest that mate preferences could be resistant to the emotional changes of the evaluators, therefore, it is necessary to continue studying other factors that may affect the predictive validity of preferences.
10. Behavioral Diversity and
Captive Animal Welfare
10. Behavioral Diversity and Captive Animal Welfare
Michael J. Renner, Drake University, Des Moines IA, USA
Diversity and variability in the behavior of individual animals has been treated in many different ways in the scientific study of animal behavior. Early experimental work ignored diversity and treated individual differences as error variance; later work (e.g., Renner & Seltzer, J Comp Psych 1991; 1994) attempted to measure and characterize diversity. Recently, although some (e.g., Miller, et al., Animal Welfare, 2016) have proposed that measures of behavioral diversity may be useful in the assessment of welfare among zoo animals, measurement to date relies on Shannon’s diversity index (1949), and so is restricted to testing the variety and proportions of behavior types represented in the aggregate within a data set. We will report comparisons of the existing methods with new methods that attempt to capture sequential complexity and variability over time. Observations were carried out using continuous observation in 10- and 20-minute sessions with a variety of zoo-resident species {including Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), Eastern black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis michaeli), Addax (Addax nasomaculatus), and Cassowary (Casuarius casuarius)}. Data were analyzed as in previous studies using the Shannon Diversity Index, and also using newly developed models for characterizing behavioral variability within observation sessions. The results obtained with these different methods will be compared to allow comparison of different methods of capturing behavioral diversity as a factor in captive animal welfare.